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Celebration of the Two Hundred 
and Thirtieth Anniversary 

of the landing of 

William Penn in Pennsylvania 

held at the 

WASHINGTON HOUSE 

Chester, Pa. 

SATURDAY, OCTOBER 26th, 1912 

by the 

COLONIAL SOCIETY OF PENNSYLVANIA 

(i 

in association with 
THE SWEDISH COLONIAL SOCIETY 



Published by the 
Colonial Society of Pennsylvania 
1912. 



r 



Printed by 

Chester Times 

igi3 



C^^--^^ S^.rj^U^^ 



EXERCISES. 

At a special meeting of the Council of the Colonial 
Society of Pennsylvania, held in the building of the His- 
torical Society of Pennsylvania, Thirteenth and Locust 
Streets, Philadelphia, on the afternoon of Wednesday, 
September 25, 1912, the subject of the observance of the 
Two Hundred and Thirtieth Anniversary of the landing of 
William Penn in Pennsylvania, was discussed at length, it 
being a custom of the Society to recognize annually that 
anniversary by a gathering of its members in commem- 
oration of that momentous event in the history of this 
Province and Commonwealth. It chanced that the precise 
date, October 28, fell this year — 1912 — on Monday; and 
after a thorough discussion, it was decided that the func- 
tion should be arranged for the afternoon of Saturday, 
the 26th, since that would most likely insure a large at- 
tendance of the members at the exercises. It was also 
determined that the meeting should be held at the old 
Colonial Inn, now the Washington House, in Chester, lo- 
cated only a short distance from the actual spot where 
William Penn landed, two hundred and thirty years ago. To 
make all arrangements for the observances of the day, 
a committee comprising Harold Edgar Gillingham, Henry 
Heston Belknap and Henry Graham Ashmead was ap- 
pointed, clothed with full power to act. 

The twenty-sixth of October proved to be a delightful 
Autumn day. A large number of the Colonial Society of 
Pennsylvania members, as well as those of the Swedish 
Colonial Society, who had been invited to participate in the 
ceremonial observances of Penn's Landing, gathered in the 
Washington House, comprising a representative body whose 
proceedings on that occasion will enter into and find a 
prominent place in the annals of Chester. The ancient 
hostelry was tastefully decorated with the red and white 
colors of the Colonial Society of Pennsylvania and with the 
blue and gold colors of the Swedish Colonial Society. The 
room in which Washington wrote his report of the Battle 
of Brandywine, where the guests gathered, presented the 
same color scheme, with "Old Glory" here and there ap- 



8 

propriately displayed. The dining room, similarly decor- 
ated, was divided by four tables running lengthwise of 
the apartment, with a table at the head, at which, during 
the exercises, sat Hon. Davis Page, President of the Colonial 
Society, with Hon. William Ward, Jr., Mayor of Chester, 
at his right, and Garnett Pendleton, Esq., at his left. Hon. 
William Cameron Sproul, State Senator from Delaware 
County, and Brigadier-General Davis, United States Army, 
retired, a descendant of John Morton, the signer of the 
Declaration of Independence, who had come from Syracuse, 
New York, to attend the exercises, were among others who 
were given places at this table. 

In addition to the large number of members of the 
Swedish Colonial Society who are also members of the 
Colonial Society of Pennsylvania, the following members of 
the former Society were present on this occasion by 
invitation: Brigadier-General Charles L. Davis, U. S. A., 
(Retired) , Count Adam de Trampe, Hon. William C. Sproul, 
Hon. William B. Broomall, Col. Charles A. Converse, Col. 
Frank G. Sweeney, Captain Alfred J. Erikson, Hon. David 
M. Johnson, Howard Edwards, Douglas R. Faith, Samuel 
Garrett, LeRoy Harvey, Harold Perot Keen, Edward W. 
Keene, Charles P. Keith, Josiah Marvel, Levi Mattson, Henry 
D. Paxson, Dr. Francis J. Roth, Ewing Stille and Isaac C. 
Paxson, Dr. Francis J. Roth, Ewing Stille and Isaac C. 
Yocum, Hiram Hathaway, Sr., John B. Hannum, Sr., guests 
of Hiram Hathaway, Jr., Dr. Frank E. Johnson, James 
Hanna, guests of Dr. John Welsh Croskey, and William A. 
Irving, guest of Col. T. Edward Clyde. 
The menu served comprised: 

Celery Olives Almonds 

Martini Cocktail 

Oyster Cocktail 

Cream of Tomato 

Baked Blue Fish En Malelotte 

Roast Filet of Beef 

Stuffed Peppers Potatoes Rissole 

Lettuce and Tomatoes 

Roquefort Cheese Dressing 

Neapolitan Ice Cream 

Fancy Cakes Coffee Cigars 



9 

The menu was printed on the central pages of a booklet, 
whose cover displayed the colors of the Colonial Society of 
Pennsylvania and those of the Swedish Colonial Society — 
in which was told the following: 

STORY OF THE WASHINGTON HOTEL. 

While the claim that the Washington House, in Chester, 
Pennsylvania, is the oldest hostelry in actual duration, in 
the original thirteen colonies is not advanced in this sketch 
as a well established historical fact, certain it is that it takes 
rank well to the fore as one of the most ancient public 
houses in the United States. Built in 1747, in the one hun- 
dred and sixty-five years that are included within its story, 
it has never been put to other uses than an inn or tavern — 
for the descriptive word " hotel " is of comparatively mod- 
ern application to buildings used as public houses for the 
entertainment of the traveling public. When Aubrey Bevan 
erected this building, George H had for almost twenty 
years ruled England and her dependencies; less than two 
years before Culloden had seen the cause of the House of 
Stuart sink in hopeless defeat; Robert Morris, the financier 
of the Revolution was a mere lad of twelve; Washington, 
a youth of fifteen, still attending school; John Morton, the 
signer, was a stripling of twenty ; Wayne, " Mad Anthony," 
the Prince Rupert of the Revolution, was a prattling infant 
of less than two; Benjamin Rush, the Father of American 
Medicine and a signer of the Declaration, was a babe in 
long dresses, and twenty-two years had yet to come and 
go before the birth of Napoleon the Great. 

The plot of ground upon which the " Pennsylvania 
Arms " was erected was originally part of the grant of land 
by the Swedish Crown to Joran Kyn (George Keen) and 
on March 31, 1686, was patented by Penn's Commissioner 
to James Sandelands, the son-in-law of Keen. At his death 
the property descended to his second son, Jonas Sandelands, 
who in 1720 sold it to John Wright. The latter is distin- 
guished in our State annals as the founder of Lancaster 
County. Wright in 1727 conveyed the land to William 
Pennell, who in turn sold it to James Trigo. In the parti- 
tion of the latter's estate, the tract was allotted to James 



Trigo, his son, who early in 1746 conveyed it to Aubrey 
Bevan, to whom reference has already been made. During 
the French War in 1747, the company commanded by 
Captain Shannon, which had been recruited in New Castle 
and Chester Counties, was cantoned in Chester, and part 
of the company was quartered for a brief period at the 
Pennsylvania Arms, the cost of which the county had to 
pay. Aubrey Bevan died in 1761 and by will he devised 
the tavern and curtilage to his daughter Mary, who had 
intermarried with William Forbes. Forbes was the landlord 
of the inn on November 7, 1764, the day Benjamin Franklin 
came to Chester where he was to embark for England, 
whither he went as the Commissioner of Pennsylvania and 
Massachusetts to present to George III the grievances of 
these colonies. On that occasion Franklin was accompanied 
from Philadelphia by a cavalcade of more than three hun- 
dred men of affairs in that city. The London packet, as 
was then not unusual, was to receive its distinguished 
passenger at this place and the leading men of the city and 
Province had accompanied the then greatest man in all 
the Colonies thus far, to wish him " God speed " in his 
voyage and mission. The " Pennsylvania Arms," as the 
Washington House was then named, was crowded with the 
friends of " Poor Richard," and until the bustling scenes of 
the Revolution came to obliterate its impress, the day when 
Franklin boarded the London packet at Chester was a theme 
for reference and remembrance. 

Ano.ther incident connected with the old hostelry is not 
without interest, particularly to the bench and bar of Phila- 
delphia. On August 15, 1768, the Supreme Provincial 
Court was in session in the old building just across Market 
Street. Chief Justice William Allen (for whom Allentown 
is named and later attainted of treason) and his associates, 
Thomas Willing (who as a member of the Continental Con- 
gress voted against the adoption of the Declaration of 
Independence) and John Lawrence, a lawyer of prominence, 
presided at the trial of John Dowdle and Thomas Vaughn, 
who were indicted for the murder of Thomas Shay, in the 
preceding March. It chanced that day a tall gangling lad 
of seventeen, attired in the smock frock which farmers and 
field hands then wore, had brought a load of hay from 



II 

Edgmont township to deliver to William Forbes, at the 
" Pennsylvania Arms." When the stripling had unloaded 
the wagon he strolled across the street and timidly glanced 
in at one of the windows. Benjamin Chew, the Attorney- 
General, was haranguing the jury. The awkward lad 
listened with awe-struck attention and at last inquired 
from a bystander whether he could enter the court room. 
He was told it was open to everyone, whereupon he shame- 
facedly entered and took a seat near the door. Enrapt, 
he lingered until the case was ended, the men convicted 
and the sentence of death imposed. Next morning at break- 
fast, for he did not reach home until a late hour of the 
night, amid the laughter of the family he announced that 
he was determined to be a lawyer and sway juries. He 
did both, for fifteen years later William Lewis was a leader 
of the Philadelphia bar, all due, he believed, to his visit 
and delivery of the load of hay to Mine Host Forbes at the 
" Pennsylvania Arms." 

April 1, 1772, Forbes sold the tavern to William Kerlin. 
The troublesome times at the eve of the Revolution were 
at hand. Kerlin, a wealthy man for that day, was an ardent 
Whig, and his house during all the war was a designated 
post for the reception and dispatching of intelligence for 
the patriots. On Christmas, Saturday, 1774, Richard Riley, 
whose dwelling on the water front at Marcus Hook was 
also a post, sent word to Kerlin that the tea ship " Polly," 
Captain Ayre, was following another ship up the Delaware, 
for no pilot in the then heated condition of the public mind 
dare venture to bring the " Polly " up the river. The 
peculiar dark patches in her sails disclosed her identity. 
From the " Pennsylvania Arms " Kerlin dispatched two 
express riders on fleet horses to Philadelphia to notify the 
committee that the long-expected vessel was on her way to 
that port. It was late in the evening of Wednesday, July 
3, 1776, when a mud-bespattered horse and rider stopped 
at the " Pennsylvania Arms " and a tall man with a green 
patch over his right eye to conceal a cancer, alighted. It was 
Caesar Rodney who was making his noted ride of eighty odd 
miles to cast his vote for the Declaration of Independence. 
The day had been one of sweltering heat; in the afternoon 
a heavy thunder storm had visited Delaware, but Rodney, 



12 



the delegate, had never slackened rein, but urged the high- 
mettled roan mare he rode through the deluge of falling 
water, covering himself and his horse with mud. Here 
Rodney refreshed himself, and baited his roan pacer. The 
night was well advanced for those days, when people retired 
early, before he resumed his ride to Philadelphia, where 
what he did the next day, July 4, 1776, is part of the history 
of this nation. 

It was the evening of August 24, 1777, a sultry Sabbath 
day, when the American Army, sixteen thousand strong, 
on its southward march to meet General Howe, encamped in 
and around Chester. The hillsides were illuminated with 
their campfires. That night Washington established his 
headquarters at the " Pennsylvania Arms," while Lafayette 
was entertained at the house of Caleb Coupland, an old 
dwelling which until recently adjoined the " White Swan " 
Inn, at Fourth and Market Streets, to the south. Eighteen 
days later, Tuesday, September 11, 1777, the same army, 
defeated that day at Brandywine, from early eve until long 
after midnight straggled into Chester and assembled to 
the east of Ridley Creek, extending along the old Queen's 
highway up and beyond what is now known as Leiperville. 
Washington, as before, made his headquarters at the 
" Pennsylvania Arms," where, at midnight, in the east room 
in the second story of the old hostelry, he wrote the only 
report of that battle he ever made to Congress. The ancient 
mahogany chairs which were part of the furniture of the 
room that night and at other times when he was a guest, 
are still preserved among the descendants of William Kerlin. 

Sixty-eight days later Tuesday, November 18, 1777, 
the " Pennsylvania Arms " presented a scene of unwonted 
activity. The day was cool and raw. Lord Cornwallis that 
morning, with three thousand troops, comprising the Fifth, 
Fifteenth, Seventeenth, Thirty-third and Fifty-sixth Regi- 
ments, as well as a battalion of Hessians and Light Infantry, 
together with twelve pieces of artillery, several howitzers 
and a train of baggage, had marched from Philadelphia, 
which he had left the day before. His design was to cross 
the river at this point and reduce Billingport, N. J., in which 
he succeeded. Major John Clark, of General Green's staff, 
(who had been assigned by Washington on secret service, 



13 

without the knowledge of Green, and who reported Clark to 
the Commander-in-chief as a deserter) , stood on the second- 
story porch of the " Plow and Harrow," the tavern kept by 
Mary Withy, then standing where is now the Cambridge 
Trust Company's building, watching the movements of the 
troops. 

Cornwallis made his headquarters at the " Pennsyl- 
vania Arms," where, surrounded by his brilliant staff, he 
was the observed of all observers. The grandfather of the 
writer, then a young man of nineteen, remembered the 
bustling scene which in advanced years he would describe 
to his children. Cornwallis, then in his thirty-ninth year, 
as grandfather remembered him, was short and stocky in 
figure, his prematurely gray hair, unpowdered, was worn 
in a queue, his features were regular, but he suffered from 
an affection of his left eyelid, which caused it to blink in- 
cessantly, detracting somewhat from his appearance. He 
was excessively nervous and hia habit of raising his hand 
to change the position of his hat every few minutes, was 
very noticeable that day. Major Campbell, " handsome Mad 
Archey," of his staff, was in excellent humor, as he always 
was when battle was in the air. His bearing that day was 
as reckless as it was three years later, when by a threat 
to kill the lady, the clergyman and himself, he compelled 
Rev. Edward Ellington, rector of the little English church 
at Goose Creek. South Carolina, to perform the marriage 
ceremony between the lovely Pauline Phelps, of Charleston, 
and himself, an incident which has furnished a chapter or 
two for William Gilmore Simms' novel " Katharine Walton." 

It required nearly eight hours for the troops to be 
transported from Chester to the New Jersey shore. The 
eighty British men-of-war and transports lying off this 
place furnishing the boats for the troops, while floats in tow 
of launches from the vessels, carried the horses, artillery 
and baggage wagons. Cornwallis and his staff were among 
the last to embark, hence for half a day the " Pennsylvania 
Arms " was absolutely in control of the ablest British 
soldier entrusted with the command of an army in all our 
war for Independence. Some of the overzealous Whigs later 
charged Kerlin with disloyalty because, as they alleged, 
that day he had furnished food supplies to the soldiers and 



14 

sailors of the enemy. But nothing further came of this 

complaint. 

It was at this hostelry that Washington, on Wednesday, 
September 5, 1781, while hastening with the Continental 
forces and the French auxiliary to Yorktown, " received the 
agreeable news of the safe arrival of the Count de Grasse 
in the Bay of Chesapeake with 28 sail of the line 
and four frigates, with 3000 land Troops, which were 
to be immediately debarked at Jamestown and form 
a juncture with the American Army under the com- 
mand of the Marquis de la Fayett." Cyrus Townsend Brady 
in his " American Fights and Fighters " in the article 
" Yorktown," (page 150) says that " Washington was so de- 
lighted with the news that he rode back to Philadelphia 
and informed Congress and Rochambeau." That Washing- 
ton sent an express from Chester informing Congress and 
the French general of the great news he had received 
agrees with the tradition of the event in the Kerlin family, 
but that he rode personally to Philadelphia is open to grave 
question, inasmuch that the following day he wrote from 
the Head of Elk, Maryland, to Count de Grasse, acknowledg- 
ing the receipt of " Your Excellency's favor of the 2d 
instant, and do myself the pleasure to felicitate you on the 
happy arrival of so formidable a fleet of his Most Christian 
Majesty in the Bay of Chesapeake under your Excellency's 
command." 

The war cloud having passed, the citizens of remote 
parts of Chester County renewed their eflforts to remove 
the County Seat to a more central location, and during that 
agitation, Joseph Hickman, an ardent removalist, penned a 
doggerel ballad entitled, " Lament Over Chester's Mother," 
in which Kerlin is thus referred to : 

" And then poor helpless Billy cries — 

'Oh, how shall I be fed? 
What shall I do if Mamma dies ? 

I cannot work for bread. 

' These little hands have never wrought, 

Oh, how I am oppressed! 
For I have never yet done aught, 

But hang on Mamma's breast.' " 



15 
On Monday, April 20, 1789, Washington, then on his 
way to New York to be inaugurated the first President of 
the United States, reached Chester at 7 o'clock in the morn- 
ing. He was accompanied by General Thomas Mifflin, Gov- 
ernor of Pennsylvania; Judge Richard Peters, the Speaker 
of the Assembly, and First Troop of Philadelphia as a guard 
of honor, who had met the President-elect at Naaman's 
Creek, the State line, whither he had been escorted by the 
authorities of Delaware. Washington traveled to Chester 
in a coach and four, attended by Col. David Humphreys, his 
aide, and Charles Thomson, " the perpetual secretary of 
Congress," who had been dispatched to Mount Vernon to 
officially notify the General of his election to the Presidency. 
Thomson was well known in Chester, his first wife, Mary, 
being the daughter of John Mather, a noted resident of 
the town in the eighteenth century. The inhabitants of 
this place flocked to the inn as the distinguished guests 
alighted at the "Washington House," for Kerlin had 
changed the name of the tavern to the one it has now borne 
for one hundred and thirty years. All the urchins gazed 
with admiration as the troops rode into the yard of the 
inn; the jingling of swords, the champing of the bits by 
the horses, the showy uniforms of the men, and the blare 
of the trumpet, combined to produce a picture in the 
memory of the onlookers that was never effaced. After 
Washington had broken fast, the leading citizens of the 
town assembled in the travelers' waiting room, now the 
bar room, where Washington hearkened to the address of 
welcome delivered by Dr. William Martin, then Chief Bur- 
gess of Chester. His speech, which has been preserved, is 
as follows: 

" To His Excellency, George Washington, Esq., 
President of the United States : 

" Sir : The inhabitants of the town of Chester, im- 
pressed with the liveliest sentiments of esteem and 
veneration for your Excellency's character, congratulate 
themselves upon this opportunity being afforded them to 
pay their respects to, and assure you of unfeigned joy that 
swells their bosoms, while they reflect that the united 
voices of millions have again called you from the bosom of 



i6 

domestic retirement to be once more the public guardian 
of the liberty, happiness and prosperity of the United 
America. From this event they entertain the most pleasing 
expectations of the future greatness of the Western world ; 
indeed they cannot but observe to your Excellency that the 
torpid resources of our country already discover signs of 
life and motion, from the adoption of the Federal Constitu- 
tion. Accept, sir, our fervent wishes for your welfare — 
may you be happy; may a life spent in usefulness be 
crowned with a serene old age ; and may your future reward 
be a habitation not built with hands, eternal in the 
heavens." 

Washington made a brief and unostentatious response, 
after which a number of the then prominent residents were 
presented to the President-elect. A delegation from Darb}' 
followed in a formal presentation of a beautiful white steed, 
which Washington accepted and rode during the rest of his 
journey to New York, and during much of the exercises in 
that city. 

William Kerlin did not remain mine host of the Wash- 
ington House until his death, for his will, proved April 29, 
1805, in his devise of " the tavern house " to his daughter, 
Sarah Piper, he states it was then " in the tenure of Isaac 
Tucker," of whom I have no definite knowledge. Sarah 
Piper, or Sarah Odenheimer, for she was a blooming widow, 
noted for her figure and expert horsemanship, when Joseph 
Piper first met her was riding, so that he saw her at her 
best. The chanced visitor to Chester, for he was then em- 
ployed in the Custom House of the Port of Philadelphia, 
was presented to the attractive woman. He wooed and won 
the dashing Widow Odenheimer, When the lease to Issac 
Tucker expired, Joseph Piper resigned from the Custom 
service and assumed direction of the Washington House. 
Mine Host Piper was accorded the title of Major, and the 
family tradition states that he had been an officer in the 
War of the Revolution, but as he was a child of less than 
ten years when that struggle ended, if he won that title by 
service, he must have been in the Whisky Insurrection. He 
died in 1829 and for nearly four years his widow carried 
on the business, until 1833, when she leased the tavern to 
Evan S. Way, who for one year had kept the Providence 



I? 
Inn in Nether Providence township. Way was a politician 
and while conducting the Washington House was nominated 
and elected Sheriff of Delaware County. He succeeded 
Major Samuel A. Price in that office. A peculiar incident 
was that Major Price succeeded Way as landlord of the 
hostelry in Chester in 1837. The latter had conducted a 
hat manufactory in this city, was an influential and genial 
gentleman, and in early life was reputed to be a strikingly 
handsome man. In 1840, after William Henry Harrison had 
received the Whig nomination for the Presidency, the old 
general, accompanied by a number of gentlemen from New 
York, in returning from Washington, stopped to dine at the 
Washington House, and while here received the congratula- 
tions of our citizens. After dinner had been served, the 
cloth was drawn, wine, as was usual on such occasions, 
was placed on the table, and several toasts were drunk. It 
was observed that Harrison drank only water, and being 
thereupon urged to take wine, he arose and said : " Gentle- 
men, I have refused twice to partake of the wine cup, that 
should have been sufficient; though you press the cup to 
my lips not a drop shall pass the portals. I made a resolve 
when I started in life that I would avoid strong drink, and 
I have never broken it. I am one of a class of seventuo.i 
young men who graduated, and the other sixteen fill drunk- 
ards' graves, all through the habit of social wine drinking. 
I owe all my health, happiness and prosperity to that reso- 
lution. Will you urge me now?" 

This incident and the remarks made by " Old Tippe- 
canoe " were related by one of the gentlemen present on 
that occasion nearly forty years thereafter, hence the 
language used by Harrison at this dinner at the Washington 
House may not be strictly accurate in words, but the 
substance of what he then said is doubtless correctly 
rendered. 

Sarah Piper, in her will probated September 13, 1841, 
directed that " the tavern house and thereto belonging, be 
sold within one year after my decease." In compliance with 
that provision, although a longer time than one year did 
intervene, her executors sold, April 2, 1844, the premises 
to Henry L. Powell, an ardent temperance advocate, who 
declared that at the Washington House no intoxicating 



i8 

liquors should thereafter be sold to its patrons. On October 
11, of the same year Powell conveyed the property to 
Edward E. Flavill, who was also active in the cause of tem- 
perance in Delaware County. Samuel West, an earnest 
temperance advocate, engaged Edward Hicks, a Quaker 
artist, to paint a swinging sign — one side delineating The 
Landing of Penn at Chester and the other Penn's Treaty ( ?) 
with the Indians at Shackamaxon, which when completed. 
West presented to Flavill. The sign was first hung in jaws 
which crowned a high pole planted near the curb at the 
driveway to the stables in the courtyard. Early in June, 
1845, the sign was put in place with imposing ceremonies. 
It was Saturday afternoon and temperance lodges from 
many of the townships in the county were present in regalia, 
with banners, and in some instances accompanied by bands 
of music. Rev. Anson B. Hard, Associate Rector of St. 
Paul's, and Rev. Isaac R. Merrill, pastor of the Methodist 
Church, conducted the religious exercises, while the oration 
was delivered by John Wayne Ashmead, my father. Mr. 
Band recently has had the old sign hung from the second 
story of the porch on Market street, so that each side can 
be seen by persons in the street. 

The experiment of conducting the house on strictly 
temperance principles proved an unprofitable venture and 
Flaville at length disposed of the property January 1, 1849, 
to Thomas Clyde, who had formerly conducted an extensive 
general store in Chester and was largely interested in quar- 
ries on Ridley Creek. During the panic of 1837 he lost 
heavily by the failures of contractors, who were carried 
down in the slump in business and values that followed. 
For nine years Mr. Clyde continued to be landlord of the 
Washington House, but as he insisted in continuing it as 
a temperance inn, it was conducted with but little financial 
success. His namesake and nephew, the late Thomas Clyde, 
of steamship fame, a child of seven, on the death of his 
parents in Ireland, was sent over to the United States, and 
was an inmate of his uncle's household in Chester until he 
attained his majority. In April, 1856, Thomas Clyde sold 
the property to his son-in-law, John G. Dyer, who had been 
an Inspector of the Customs at the Lazaretto, and later 
interested in manufacturing. A man of pleasing address 



19 

and an attractive conversationalist, Mr. Dyer, who had re- 
ceived license for the ancient hostelry, soon re-established 
the Washington House as one of the most popular public 
houses in the county. In 1868 he conveyed the premises 
to his son. Col. Samuel A. Dyer. The latter was a man 
of unusual business ability and forethought, and one to 
whose liberality the City of Chester owes much for its 
present prosperity. In after life he became a banker, was 
the founder of the Chester National Bank, of which for 
a number of years he was president. To his enterprise 
and energy the City is indebted for its present street 
railway system. Col. Dyer, on June 1, 1870, sold the Wash- 
ington House to Henry Abbott, Jr., who continued as its 
landlord for nearly a quarter of a century. Henry Abbott 
died January 16, 1911. A clause in his will attracted wide- 
spread attention throughout this country and was largely 
copied by the press of Great Britain. He had had during all 
his life a horror of being buried alive, hence it was to guard 
against such a contingency that he inserted the following 
clause in his will: 

" It is my desire that for forty days after my decease 
my body shall be kept in a vault with the lid of the coffin 
unfastened, and be visited daily during that period, and 
subsequently be interred in my burial lot in the grave where 
my wife, Margaret J. Abbott, is buried in Chester Rural 
Cemetery. If my body be interred before this my desire is 
known, I direct that it be immediately disinterred and these 
provisions fully carried out." 

The obligations imposed by the will were faithfully 
carried out by the executor, but it was a revolting duty to 
the official, who daily visited the tomb to watch the slow 
process of dust returning to dust. 

On January 22, 1895, Henry Abbott sold the Wash- 
ington House to Charles E. Morris. On Saturday afternoon, 
April 19, 1902 — the hundred and twenty-seventh anniver- 
sary of the Battle of Lexington — the Delaware County 
Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution, with 
appropriate ceremonies unveiled a bronze tablet, which had 
been placed in the wall on the right side of the main en- 
trance to the Washington House, whereon in raised letters 
were inscribed several of the noted historical incidents 



20 

which are associated with the story of the old hostelry. 
Mine Host Morris had had the building tastefully decorated 
for the occasion. Draping the door opening into the room 
in which Washington wrote the only report he ever made 
to Congress in reference to the defeat at Brandywine, were 
two large silk American flags which twenty-six years before 
had been used as part of the decorations of the Roach Ship- 
yard exhibit at the Centennial Exposition in 1876 at Phila- 
delphia. The colors of the Daughters of the American 
Revolution were everywhere conspicuous in the apartment 
which Washington had occupied. Addresses were made by 
Mayor Howard H. Houston, Henry Graham Ashmead and 
Rev. Philip H. Mowry, D.D. 

Charles E. Morris, on January 29, 1910, conveyed the 
Washington House to William Band, Jr. Mr. Band is 
peculiarly fitted to be in control of the old Colonial tavern, 
with its wealth of historic associations. He venerates its 
glorious past while still desirous that the Washington House 
shall be equipped with all the conveniences of a modern 
hotel. Recognizing that age is one thing which money 
cannot buy, Mr. Band has carefully preserved in all the 
changes made at the hotel, the dominant fact that the old 
Washington House is one of the best examples of Colonial 
architecture existing to-day in these United States, and has 
historical associations clustering about it beyond that of 
any other public house in all America. 

HENRY GRAHAM ASHMEAD. 

Chester, Pa., October 26, 1912. 

REMARKS OF PRESIDENT PAGE. 

When the cigars were lighted, President S. Davis Page 
rapped for silence. Then he said: 

"Gentlemen of the Colonial Societies: When I picked 
up your menu here and found that I was down for 
' Remarks,' I was a good deal astonished ; for, although one 
who has been put in this exalted position by your votes must 
expect to stand and deliver whenever called upon, yet, upon 
this occasion, I thought we came down here for instruction 
and entertainment at the hands of those who are more 
familiar with the locality, and certainly vastly better in- 
formed as to its history than I am. Since I have been 



sitting here, however, although but a few minutes, I have 
gotten some very interesting information on the subject 
from the distinguished gentlemen who hold up my hands, 
the one on the right and the other on the left (alluding to 
the Mayor and Garnett Pendleton, Esq.). 

" It occurs to me that if that remarkable citizen of the 
world, William Penn, who landed so near this very spot, 
the 28th of October, two hundred and thirty years ago, 
were here to-day, the changes wrought in that time would 
be bewildering indeed to him. What do you suppose would 
be the emotions of that man if he could step out from the 
grave, or land from that fabled boat that carried him across 
the Styx — old Charon at the helm — what do you think 
would be his emotions if he landed at this time in the year 
of Grace, 1912, and looked at this fair town, to which we 
have come, at the hospitable call of Mr. Ashmead and others 
of our associates residing here ? 

" You have a town here of 40,000 people, particularly 
noted for its manufacturing industries. You have on the 
one side the great works of Baldwin, enormous in their 
potential production — if not in their present realization — 
and on the other you have great silk and other mills of 
varied activities. When I was told that the silk they have 
produced in that silk mill is made out of the wood of the 
mulberry tree, without the properties of the tree contained 
in the leaf passing through the silk worm at all, it occurred 
to me that perhaps William Penn, were he to come back 
in this day of Grace, would be even more surprised at the 
progresses and changes that have been made in the rela- 
tion of man to man, in the improvements, in the utilities 
and comforts of life, in the development of the power of 
man over the elements of nature, even to harnessing the 
lightning of the thunderbolt and bringing it here for our 
comfort and entertainment, as we see it in the lights before 
us, than were the dwellers of Jerusalem when they saw 
the lame walk and the dumb speak and the lepers cleansed, 
nineteen hundred years ago. 

Altogether, as I get older, and there are not many here 
who are older than I, it seems to me that the longer you 
live the more astounding are the miracles that each day 
brings forth; and when I sometimes hear people talking 



23 

about the story of the miracles in the Bible as being per- 
haps too great a tax on their credulity, I feel like pointing 
to the daily occurrences that we read of in the papers as 
really presenting miracles as astounding almost as those 
which God Incarnate, with a full and complete knowledge of 
all the powers of nature, and with all of them within the 
grasp of His hand, was able to and did do here on earth. 
Really, we are living in a miraculous age ; and, with all that 
we have and know and see, we can hardly realize, gentle- 
men, what men like Penn did 230, 250 or 300 years ago, 
when they left the centers of civilization and faced 
the wilderness and the savagery beyond the seas; for 
the good, not only of themselves, but of mankind, and 
for the human race. What man of all of them did more 
for the human race, in respect to its deliverance from the 
thraldom of religious intolerance, and of civic oppression, 
than this man whose landing on these shores we here and 
now do celebrate? Let me say just here — I think it was 
a most happy suggestion that we should come down here 
to Chester at this time, near that sacred spot. Our meet- 
ings, as you know, are usually held at this time of year 
to celebrate this very event, the Landing of William Penn ; 
and where better could we celebrate it than right here, 
where, after stopping at New Castle, he made his first 
landing? It was a particularly happy suggestion of our 
fellow members living here and it has given great pleasure 
and gratification to all of us, and I am sure I am speaking 
on behalf of the members of both societies, of our own, 
the Colonial Society, and the Swedish Colonial Society, of 
which some of us are also members, enjoying together 
this charming hospitality. 

" I congratulate you all that we are here to-day. I 
congratulate you for the kind Providence that has smiled 
upon us, and who gave us such a lovely day to be here; 
but particularly do I congratulate you that the Mayor of 
the City of Chester will address us to-day and that my 
friend, Mr. Garnett Pendleton, will instruct us as to the 
associations connected with the place and recall some of 
the men of it and their doings of long ago. I have the 
pleasure of presenting to you the Hon. William Ward, Jr., 
Mayor of Chester." 



23 

MAYOR WARD'S ADDRESS. 

Mr. Ward, as he arose, was welcomed with much clap- 
ping of hands. This having ceased, he said : 

" Mr. President and gentlemen of the Colonial So- 
cieties: The City of Chester extends to you to-day, gen- 
tlemen, a-visiting, a cordial, hearty welcome. We are 
always glad to welcome the stranger within our gates, 
but we are particularly honored this day and extend a 
most generous welcome to you, the descendants of our early 
settlers and pioneers. 

" We of the City of Chester and the County of Dela- 
ware, claim prominence in the story of this great Com- 
monwealth. Within a radius of five miles of this city of 
ours, all of the history of Pennsylvania was made during 
the first four decades of our Colonial life. Over this par- 
ticular locality have floated as the emblem of sovereignty, 
the Swedish and Dutch flags, the red-crossed standard of 
St. George, and our own " Old Glory," the best flag of all, 
that at the conclusion of every struggle in which it has 
engaged, has emerged from the smoke of battle, wreathed 
with victory. 

" Four miles to the east of where we meet to-day, in 
what is now the township of Tinicum, the first permanent 
settlement of the white man, within this State was made, 
two hundred and seventy years ago. 

" It was at Tinicum where Governor Printz, whom 
we are told weighed near to four hundred pounds, and 
had a capacity of four quarts of strong liquor each day, 
built and erected Fort Gottenberg. 

" There the Governor established his fort and his col- 
ony and issued his decrees, and despite famine, misfortune 
and disease held to his post and sowed the seed from which 
has grown this glorious Commonwealth. He it was who 
first inaugurated the policy of conciliation toward the In- 
dians, an idea which the Proprietary in later years, shrewdly 
adopted and emphasized. 

" The Redman and the Swede lived in harmony and 
perfect amity. The white man taught to the Indian his 
latter day arts and perchance, some of his imperfections 
and frailties. The Redman taught to the Swede his lore 



24 

of the forest primeval and drilled him in the conquest of 
the woods and river stream. 

" We know that the Swede used his foot as a weight 
in trading with the Indians for their peltry, but the Redman 
was not slow to learn and quickly sent forward the tallest 
brave to act as yard-stick when the Swedes were paying 
for furs or land with gaudy calico. 

" This fact I would particularly impress ; that the 
Swedes in 1654 entered into a treaty with the Indians at 
Tinicum, of which it is recorded that it 'has ever been 
faithfully observed on both sides.' This treaty was made 
twenty-eight years before the oft questioned meeting of 
Penn with the aborigines, said to have taken place under the 
great elm at Shackamaxon; an incident so noted whether 
it be fact or myth, as to call forth Voltaire's often quoted 
expression that * It was the only treaty which has not been 
sworn to, and which has not been broken.' 

" And it would be as well to recall the fact that it was 
the brush of the Quaker artist West, born at Swarthmore, 
within four miles of where we are now assembled, that 
has so largely contributed to the prominent place held by 
Penn's treaty with the Indians, in the history of this Com- 
monwealth, of this country and in the annals of the world. 

" We first learn of Chester in 1644, then called Upland, 
as a tobacco plantation, land afterwards granted by the 
Swedish authorities to Joran Kyn. 

" It may be noted that in the same year — 1644 — was 
born William Penn, a peculiar association of incidents, 
worthy at least of passing attention. 

" The land on which the building stands in which we 
are now gathered was included in that Swedish grant to 
George Keen, for that is the English name of our foremost 
early settler. 

" I learn that among those with us this afternoon are 
quite a number of the direct descendants of George Keen, 
and I desire particularly to extend to those gentlemen a 
hearty welcome to this city, the site of which two hundred 
and sixty years ago was in the undisputed ownership 
of their ancestor, the first permanent settler of Chester. 

" The tide of life ran evenly and slow in the colony 
and the years rolled on till 1682, the year that marked 






DAUGHTERS OF The 

American Revolution 

MARKS THIS HOUSE 

AS THE PLACE WHERE WASHINGTON 

WROTE AT MIDNIGHT. THE ONLY REPORT 

OF THE BATTLE OF BRANDYWINE. 

SEPT. II, 1777 

HERE Washington also received the 

CONGRATULATIONS OF THE PEOPLE OF 
CHESTER UPON HIS ELECTION AS THE 
first president OF THE UNITED STATES 
•^ APRfi 20 1789. 



Tablet on the Washington House 



2 5 

the coming of William Penn, for it was in that year that 
our Quaker Proprietary first placed foot in his territory and 
gave to the Province his name, and to the Nation of the 
future the Keystone State of Pennsylvania. 

" Chester claims the honor and distinction of contain- 
ing the spot of ground where William Penn first landed in 
this State. There has been much discussion as to the 
accuracy of the spot designated and some criticism of the 
style of marker erected. 

" These are the facts : On November 8, 1850, the 
corrected date from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar, 
the Historical Society of Pennsylvania visited Chester, in 
celebration of the one hundred and sixty-eighth anniver- 
sary of Penn's landing in this town, then a borough, and 
after the literary exercises which were held in the old 
Methodist Church on Fifth Street, now a cigar factory, 
were concluded, the assemblage in a body visited the site 
where Penn first trod the earth of the Province, which 
then and now bears his name. 

" The places where the ancient trees had stood, under 
which the Proprietary landed were still visible, the last 
of the old pines had been up-rooted in a violent gale in 
October, 1846. A survey was then made and as portions 
of the stumps of the five trees, to one of which the boat 
which bore William Penn from the * Welcome ' to the shore 
was made fast, were still discernible, it can be accepted as 
a well ascertained fact that the marker, which was erected 
in 1882, thirty-two years later, during the Bi-Centennial 
observances, stands within at least twenty feet of the pre- 
cise spot v/here the landing took place two hundred and 
thirty years ago. 

"As to the marker: It was not intended as an ela- 
borate monument nor designed as a work of highest art. 
The idea as to the form of the memorial stone was that of 
John Struthers, whom it will be remembered, supplied 
and superintended the placing of the stone work that en- 
tered into the City Hall of Philadelphia, who suggested 
that the marker should be in the form of a mile stone, as 
symbolizing an epoch in the history of the Nation, just as 
the old mile stones represented a measured distance on the 
surface of the earth. 



26 

" I am informed that since the locating of this stone 
in Chester the idea has been adopted in many of the coun- 
tries of Europe and that on the Island of Runnymede, 
where the great Magna Charta was signed by King John, 
a stone of like shape now marks the spot forever associated 
with the story of human freedom. 

" So passed the years. For the first forty odd years 
Chester was the stage upon which was enacted almost the 
entire history of the Province; and while the fears that 
Penn and his advisers entertained that it was possible 
that the claim of Lord Baltimore to its ownership might 
be maintained, led him to select Philadelphia for his " Green 
Country Town," Chester as a borough and city has held 
prominent place in the annals of the Keystone State. From 
this neighborhood came John Morton, whose decisive vote 
gave Independence to the Colonies and as a consequence 
birth to the United States. 

'* From the windows of this apartment we look down 
upon the street where " Mad Anthony " Wayne drilled the 
Continentals of this section from raw levees into martial 
form. Here Commodore David Porter, one of the conspicu- 
ous heroes of the second war with England made his home 
and here was born his son, Admiral David Dixon Potter, a 
brilliant figure of the Civil War. Only a stone's throw from 
here Admiral David Glasgow Farragut went to school and 
in this town he passed much of his boyhood days. Here 
were born Rear Admiral Frederick Engle and Pierce Crosby 
and here in Roach's Shipyard the present Naval establish- 
ment of the United States had its birth. Out of the receding 
past I have alluded to but a few incidents, which we as resi- 
dents of Chester, and you, gentlemen, as citizens of Penn- 
sylvania, may well be proud. 

" To-day we welcome you to a progressive city of almost 
fifty thousand souls, a hive of industry and toil, not content 
to live only in the past — but striving for moral, industrial 
and municipal betterment. 

" Rich in our history, proud of our progress, loyal to our 
people and to our glorious Commonwealth, Chester to-day 
extends to you, gentlemen, a generous and cordial welcome." 
(Applause.) 



27 

PRESIDENT PAGE:— 

" Gentlemen of the Colonial Societies : After having 
been admitted to the gates of Chester in the charming 
manner in which the Mayor extended the welcome of the 
town to us, let us now look beyond those gates, and 
throw our minds back, not so far as two hundred and 
thirty years ago, but one hundred and thirty years 
ago, or thereabout, and think of the great men of that 
time, to whom we, as descendants of some of them, and as 
those who have profited by their sufferings and by their 
work, should look back with veneration and the greatest 
regard; but that veneration and regard is a matter simply 
of lip service, if we do not lay their examples to our hearts 
and endeavor to lead a little of the altruistic lives led by 
those men who camped not far from here during that ter- 
rible winter at Valley Forge. Among those men who did 
and suffered so much, there was one man, who dared and 
did so much that he was thought really to be beyond the 
control of reason; and that man, forgetting himself, for- 
getting even his surroundings at times, pressed on to any 
risk, any danger, to any chance of suffering, to achieve and 
to accomplish the design which he had in hand, in the 
furtherance of the great plans which the General in com- 
mand of the army at Valley Forge had conceived and 
eventually carried to such a successful completion and 
fruition ; " Mad Anthony Wayne " had reason in his mad- 
ness, and in the toast which comes next, he is presented 
to our contemplation as " Soldier and Citizen." Some men 
in the discharge of one duty sometimes forget the other, 
and there are men who would carry into their citizenship 
some of the ideas perhaps which they may have imbibed 
while filling the role of soldiers. The swords of Anthony 
Wayne and of those who fought with him, wrote into the 
hearts of their countrymen with the blood of their owners' 
'regard for law.' And, in the discharge of their duty as 
citizens, they obeyed the law; not the law founded on t^ e 
will of one man, but the law founded upon the consent of 
a multitude of men, all equal before the law, but formed in 
such a way that the power of the majority shall never be 
exercised to the injury of the rights of the minority. 
(Applause) Never can that principle be preserved should 



2.8 

there be any successful effort made at any time by any 
men, under any call, by God or Devil, to override the written 
law of the land and the Constitution of the United iStates 
established by the labor and the blood of men like Anthony 
Wayne — established I pray as the everlasting law of these 
States, its object being the control and limitation of 
the powers of Government in the land; for there can 
be no slavery greater than an unlimited exercise of the 
powers of government, even if ostensibly and ostentatiously 
for the good people, who should learn rather to govern 
themselves, if we are to remain a free people, 

" You who have paid any attention to history know 
something of the efforts of our ancestors and fore;i)sars, 
throughout all the ages, of the record, to limit and control 
the powers of government. We want no extension of the 
powers of government; the fewer laws we have, the 
better; the more restricted the powers of government, the 
safer the rights of the governed. 

" Gentlemen, I have the honor to present to you Mr. 
Garnett Pendleton, who will talk to us of * Anthony Wayne, 
Soldier and Citizen.' " 

GARNETT PENDLETON'S ADDRESS. 

Mr. President, Gentlemen of the Colonial Society of 
Pennsylvania and Gentlemen of the Swedish Colonial So- 
ciety: It is eminently fitting that organizations whose 
prime object is the collection of data concerning the early 
history of Pennsylvania should meet within the limits of 
the old town and County of Chester; within the walls of 
the ancient hostelry that so often sheltered majestic Wash- 
ington and chivalrous Lafayette, and in plain view of a town 
hall replete with civic associations and redolent of martial 
memories, eight years the senior of that historic edifice 
whence issued the declaration and the prophecy of American 
independence. 

" We are engaged in the manifold activities of modern 
life, and enjoy the privileges of a high and complex civiliza- 
tion. But are not unmindful of the rock whence we were 
hewn. We realize that the present, with its wondrous 
achievements and its magnificent possibilities, is the child 
of a vigorous, an energetic and a glorious past. 



29 

" We honor and revere our ancestors and their con- 
temporaries. They were men of resolute heart, iron nerve 
and stern determination. We owe them a debt forever 
insoluble. They braved the terrors and the perils of the 
trackless wilderness that for us that wilderness might bud 
and blossom as the rose. They battled with and expelled 
the ruthless savage, that we here might have peace and 
safety. They broke the rod of the oppressor that we might 
bask in the sunlight of liberty. 

" The proper study of mankind is man. The history 
of the human race is an absorbing topic. American history 
— the recital of our development from colony to Common- 
wealth, from a group of communities lying along a narrow 
seaboard into a compact and powerful and continent-wide 
Republic, is a theme of ever-engrossing interest. 

" The soldier is the great hero of secular history. His 
courage, his apparent indifference to danger and death, the 
battle array, the impetus of the charge; the pomp and 
glorious circumstance of war elicit the enthusiastic admira- 
tion of him who sees and of him who reads. The soldier 
looms large in the annals of mankind. Peace is the offspring 
of war; and liberty, the outcome of struggle; civilization 
rears her marts and her palaces on the conquered domain 
of barbarism. 

" Too much of the work of the soldier has been in 
furtherance of the personal ambition of the general. We 
admire the transcendent military genius of Napoleon; but 
realize that in his quest of glory and self aggrandizement 
he prostituted his great gift to the subjugation and 
oppression of his fellowman, and in his pursuit of world- 
wide dominion drenched the earth in blood. 

" To us as philanthropists and as patriots is offered 
another and a fairer picture. For the character of Wash- 
ington we cherish filial reverence and rejoice in the achieve- 
ments of a soldier who fought for the liberation, and not 
for the enslavement of his kind. 

" To your consideration to-day is presented another 
herald of freedom — a man, great in his willingness to serve 
in a subordinate position, and great in his ability to fill with 
distinction the highest station of danger and responsibility, 
and by his strong personality, ardent patriotism and 



courageous example, to lead armies to battle and to victory. 

" We offer him as a splendid type of American — the 
soldier-citizen, versed alike in the arts of war and of peace. 
We feel pardonable pride in the fact that this soldier-citizen 
was a native of the County of Chester, of which our own 
County originally was a part. 

" Anthony Wayne was born in Easttown Township, 
January 1, 1745. He died at Presquisle, Erie, December 15, 
1796. The intervening period between birth and death 
covered one of the most momentous eras in the history 
of mankind. Its opening found us a group of dependent 
colonies. Its close left us a nation of free people. 

" Wayne was born a subject, and died a citizen. In 
the great drama that marked the transition from colony 
to Commonwealth, this son of Pennsylvania, as an actor 
stood very near the bright center of the stage. 

" Anthony Wayne was a soldier by heredity, by natural 
bent, and by reason of environment. His grandfather led 
a regiment of dragoons and fought under William, of 
Orange, in the Battle of the Boyne. His father repeatedly 
joined in expeditions against the Indians. 

" Wayne, in his early school life, was more distin- 
guished as a leader in sports of a military character than 
by devotion to his books. This is not strange. He was 
reared in an atmosphere of strife. It was a time of wars 
and rumors of war. As he emerged from infancy his mind 
must have been filled and his imagination fired by stories 
of the French and Indian struggle. Children breathe the 
spirit of their sires. The child is father to the man; the 
pastime of youth not seldom merges into the lifework of 
maturity. 

" For a time, however, it seemed as if such was not to 
prove the case with our hero. As he approached manhood 
he grew more studious, entered the Philadelphia Academy, 
an institution afterward developed into the University of 
Pennsylvania, and devoted himself to the science of mathe- 
matics. He adopted the calling of surveyor, in which art 
he became so proficient as to attract the friendly interest 
of Dr. Franklin, through whose influence he, not yet of 
legal age, was sent to Nova Scotia to ascertain the natural 
advantages of that Province and to act as agent for a pro- 



ject of colonization. A satisfactory report of his investiga- 
tions was followed by a grant to his company of some two 
hundred thousand acres of land. Lots were laid out and 
sold, a town plotted and a colony planted. He remained in 
charge of the settlement till 1767. Further development 
of the enterprise was arrested by the increasingly strained 
relations between the Mother Country and her American 
dependencies. 

" Apparently drawing still further away from his des- 
tined life-work, he returned to his farm and tannery at 
Waynesborough, where he pursued the arts of peace until 
summoned to the military activities of the Revolution. 
Meanwhile his fellow citizens honored him by election to 
various county offices. 

" As the great crisis grew more imminent, men of in- 
fluence gravitated to the control of affairs as inevitably as 
water seeks its level. As we to-day look upon the animated 
face and martial figure of the man, so well portrayed by 
the heroic equestrian statue at Valley Forge; as we think 
of his winning personality, his grace of manner, his force- 
fulness of speech, the depth and positiveness of his 
convictions and his uncalculating patriotism, we do not 
wonder that his neighbors heaped political favors upon him 
and that his soldiers gladly followed him, even to the deadly 
breach — all reckless of the truth that too often, paths of 
glory lead but to the grave. 

"My theme is Anthony Wayne, soldier and citizen. 
My aim was to sever the two and treat them separately. 
But the aim has proved futile. Logically and chronologic- 
ally the two are inseparably interwoven. The soldier is 
the citizen, the citizen is the soldier, and the two are merged 
in the patriot. 

" Take an inventory of the man's activities in those 
throbbing and eventful years of 1774-1775, and we see as 
opposed to oppressive measures the policy of resistance, 
constitutional, if adequate, by force of arms, if necessary. 
Chairman of the committee proposing resolutions condemn- 
ing the course of the ministry ; chairman of the committee 
to carry out recommendations of the assembly in reference 
to a military organization; and non-importation agree- 
ment; member of the provincial convention to encourage 



domestic manufactures, in anticipation of non-importation 
of English goods; author of the proposition that the free- 
men of the county should be organized for military 
purposes; member of the committee of safety; member 
of the committee of correspondence; member of the legis- 
lature. These employments by no means exhausted the 
energies of this man, destined for a yet more active field 
of operations. Prior to the clash of arms he was of those 
who hoped and worked for a peaceful solution of the burning 
questions that agitated the mother country and her Colonies. 
Even at that early date, as one of his biographers has 
shrewdly phrased it, he believed in conducting negotiations 
with sword in hand. Closely observing the progress of 
events, he soon became convinced that the controversy could 
only be settled by the arbitrament of battle. Prescient of 
the coming struggle, he devoted himself to the study of 
military tactics, his principal text books being Marshal 
Saxe's Campaigns and Caesar's Commentaries on the Gallic 
Wars. 

" Possessing all the ardor of a patriot, coupled with 
an inborn courage and capacity for heroism, he yet realized 
that raw recruits, led by inexperienced officers, however 
ardent their patriotism, however elevated their heroism, 
must fight an unequal battle with veteran soldiers com- 
manded by generals expert in all the arts of war. Com- 
bining in person and bearing all the elements of popularity, 
he found no difficulty in attracting large numbers of young 
men to his frequent drills. Into the minds of those young 
men he instilled the principles and the technicalities of mil- 
itary science. The news of Lexington and Bunker Hill 
intensified patriotic fervor and the drilling and military 
instruction became more assiduous and practical. 

" In the exercise of a patriotic imagination let us revert 
to those epochal days of the summer of 1775, when history 
was in the making; when in front of, within and around 
the old Town Hall, were marshalled the yeomanry of 
Chester County ; when the fife and drum, the tread of armed 
men awoke the echoes in old Market street, and excited to 
new enthusiasm the aspirations of a liberty-loving people. 
The central figure, the dominant spirit of the animated 
scene is Anthony Wayne — of handsome face, flashing eyes, 



33 
noble physique — a man born to command; every inch a 
soldier. We can understand something of his mastery over 
men; something of his genius in the art and science of 
military evolutions, when we know that in a few weeks of 
training and instruction, he developed those volunteers into 
a body of soldiers, soon, on many a bloody field, to prove 
equal to the dread exigencies of war. 

" Wayne was a strict disciplinarian. He brooked no 
insubordination. When, later in his career, he encountered 
the problem of disaffection and desertion, he met it with 
characteristic energy and meted out swift and condign 
punishment to all offenders. He believed firmly in the 
inspiring influence of well-appointed accoutrements, and of 
neatness in apparel and appearance. There is such a thing 
as the psychology of dress. Some wit has declared that the 
consciousness of being the most handsomely gowned woman 
at a social function will aflford more solid comfort to the 
average woman than the assurance of her salvation. 

" It is related of Dr. Joseph Parker, the great London 
preacher of a past generation, that he kept in his vestry 
a special suit of clothes and always donned this before 
entering the pulpit. His theory was that in a very true 
sense, clothes make the man, and that the public speaker 
enjoys the freest mental activity and power and is most 
effective and most impressive when suitably attired. 

" Wayne shared this feeling, and in a letter to Washing- 
ton set forth his views on the subject and his preference for 
the bayonet as a weapon of warfare. He writes thus : ' I 
have an insuperable bias in favor of an elegant uniform and 
soldierly appearance. So much so that I would rather risk 
my life and reputation at the head of the same men, in 
an attack, clothed and appointed as I could wish, merely 
with bayonets and a single charge of ammunition, than 
to take them as they appear in common, with sixty rounds 
of cartridges.* 

" Upon the eve of battle it was his order that his men 
be washed, shaved and with hair cut. Sometimes the close 
shave came in the midst of the conflict, but this did not 
affect the principle. 

" The men drilled at Chester in 1775 were soon to figure 
in history as the Fourth Pennsylvania Battalion. On Janu- 



34 

ary 3, 1776, the Committee of Safety unanimously elected 
Wayne colonel of this body. This was the opening of his 
distinctively military career — a career with some inter- 
missions coexistent with his remaining life; and covering 
operations extending from Canada to Georgia and from 
Ticonderoga to the great territory northwest of the Ohio 
River. 

"In an after-dinner speech it is not expected that we 
shall enter into details of a story to which historians have 
devoted hundreds of pages. We can do little more than refer 
to salient points in the character and achievments of a 
soldier declared to have been the most picturesque figure of 
the Revolution. 

" The Fourth Pennsylvania Regiment was not long to 
remain inactive. In the early Summer of 1776 it, with 
other regiments, was ordered to Canada to reinforce the 
army that had suffered defeat before Quebec. The battle 
of Three Rivers was fought on June 7. The attack was 
made by some fifteen hundred American troops, who 
thought to surprise a British force estimated at four 
hundred. It was, however, a surprise to the assailart , 
as they encountered three thousand men under Burgoyne. 
The fighting was desperate, resulting in an American d-ieitt. 
Wayne received the first of many wounds, but he, with other 
oflScers, rallied their men, checked the advance of the enemy 
and saved the army in Canada. His superior oflficers haviiig 
been captured and incapacitated by wounds, the command 
devolved upon Wayne, who warded off the attacks of the 
pursuing British and led his troops in safety to Ticonderoga. 

" The nerve and poise that remained unbroken by 
defeat, and that enabled the young officer successfully to 
conduct a dignified retreat in the most trying circumstances 
attracted the favorable notice of General Schuyler, who, in 
November of 1776, placed Wayne in command of the fort 
at Ticonderoga. Here he remained until April of 1777, 
when having been commissioned a brigadier-general, he 
joined Washington at Morristown and took command of the 
Pennsylvania line. 

" It was a critical time in our history. The English 
ministry had adopted a policy the successful execution of 
which might have meant the collapse of the Revolution. 



35 

This was the proposed junction at Albany of the armies 
of Howe and Burgoyne. The plan involved the control of 
New York and the Hudson River, thus bisecting the colonies 
with a line of fleets and military posts extending from the 
St. Lawrence to the Chesapeake. Howe's army was in New 
Jersey near New York. Washington was at Morristown. 
Howe's manifest course was northward. But his eyes 
looked longingly at the capital. His idea was to dash across 
New Jersey, seize Philadelphia, then return to New York, 
meet Burgoyne and crush the Revolution. 

" Washington's aim was to prevent the union of the 
British forces and if possible, protect the capital city. He 
was on high ground, whence he could watch the movements 
of the enemy. To harass that enemy, in which ever 
direction he might proceed, it was necessary to have at 
hand a body of well disciplined troops, in command of an of- 
ficer alert, resourceful, intelligent and able to move his men 
at a moment's notice and with celerity. The Commander-in- 
Chief did not hesitate in his choice. This difficult, delicate 
and perilous task he assigned to General Wayne and the 
Pennyslvania line. It was a campaign of successful stra- 
tegy. The menacing attitude of Washington, at each sign 
of activity on the part of Howe at last convinced that 
general that rushing across New Jersey would prove a 
hazardous enterprise. Hence he embarked at Sandy Hook 
and put out to sea. Washington divined his purpose, the 
reaching of Philadelphia through the Chesapeake, and sent 
Wayne to Chester county to organize the militia. 

" Howe reached Elkton early in September and on the 
eleventh of that month the battle of the Brandywine was 
fought. Through misinformation as to the movements of 
the enemy, the American cause was betrayed and our army 
defeated. But Wayne rendered signal service to his 
country by repelling the advance of Knyphausen, and by 
checking the pursuit of the main army, covered the retreat 
of the Americans, who retired to Crum Lynne, near Chester. 

" At Chadd's Ford the British were twenty-five miles 
from Philadelphia, yet were unable to enter that city until 
after fourteen days of almost constant skirmishing. 

" In great measure, influenced by the advice of General 
Wayne, three weeks after the American reverse at Brandy- 



36 

wine, General Washington electrified the world by that 
brilliant and audacious attack on the British at German- 
town, an attack which but for an unforeseen accident of 
war, would have annihilated the English army and brought 
the Revolution to a speedy and successful close, 

" Brandy wine and Germantown are chronicled in his- 
tory as American defeats, yet they were factors in the 
masterly strategy that held Howe in Pennsylvania; that 
thwarted the scheme of the English ministry and brought 
disaster and defeat to Burgoyne at Saratoga. 

" The two most brilliant achievements in the military 
career of General Wayne were the victories at Monmouth 
and Stony Point. In point of time these engagements were 
a year apart. But they so well illustrate the differing 
qualities that go to make up the consummate soldier, that 
they may properly be considered in conjunction, 

" At Monmouth the cowardice and treachery of Charles 
Lee had thrown the American army into confusion. What 
should have been easy victory was turned into disgraceful 
retreat. Washington arrived at the psychological moment ; 
halted the fleeing men and ordered Wayne to check the 
pursuit until new lines of defense and attack could be 
formed, 

" Two assaults were successfully repulsed. Then came 
that awful test of nerve and courage — the bayonet charge 
at double quick. The flower of English soldiery, the Guards 
and Grenadiers, par excellence the fiercest warriors of the 
world, thundered across the plain with the ardor and fury 
of relentless fate. It seemed a resistless force; yet that 
force quailed and wavered and flew into fragments before 
the moveless mass, A murderous fire mowed down those 
serried columns as the scythe cuts the ripened grain. When 
the conflict was over fifteen hundred British lay dead or 
wounded on the field. Redcoat and Continental had met 
in mortal combat and victory smiled on the patriot. Wayne 
wrote joyfully to his wife: 'Pennsylvania showed the 
road to victory.' We may pardon his exultant letter to 
Mr. Richard Peters : ' Tell the Philadelphia ladies that the 
heavenly sweet, pretty Redcoats, the accomplished gen- 
tlemen of the Guards and Grenadiers have humbled them- 
selves on the plains of Monmouth.' 



" stony Point presented an entirely different military 
problem. It is one thing, in the fervor and excitement of 
battle, to withstand and repulse and defeat an oncoming 
foe. It is quite another thing, in the dead and darkness 
of midnight, to advance noiselessly across a morass, realiz- 
ing that the faintest sound will arouse the pickets and 
precipitate a galling and fatal fire from vessels of war; 
that escaping this, the assailants must pass two lines of 
abattis, bristling with cannon, and after this must enter 
a presumably impenetrable stronghold, garrisoned by vali- 
ant soldiers under a capable officer. Not all of the course 
was to be pursued in silence, for, simultaneously with the 
bayonet charge, a warm fire of musketry was to be opened 
on the center, so as to secure the attention of the enemy. 
This, while a wise stratagem of war, greatly increased the 
peril of the attacking party. 

" Wayne, who had full charge of the movement, was 
keenly conscious of the situation. He had little hope of 
surviving the onset. In a pathetic, hastily written letter to 
his friend Delany he said : ' This will not meet your eye 
until the writer is no more. I know that friendship will 
induce you to attend to the education of my little son and 
daughter. I fear that their mother will not survive this 
shock.' This is not the language of the reckless daredevil, 
seeking danger for danger's sake. It is the sublime utter- 
ance of a patriot, calmly counting the cost and placing 
country above wife and children. 

" The time for action came. He met his problem and 
gloriously solved it. The world applauded, and history has 
crystallized the achievement. 

" Wayne had good cause to look kindly upon the bay- 
onet as an implement of warfare. In the hands of the 
British at Monmouth it was ineffective. In the hands of 
the Americans at Stony Point it scaled the heights and 
seized the fortress. 

" Over five hundred prisoners were taken, but not one 
unresisting man was put to death. When we recall the 
Massacre of Paoli and the outrages in Connecticut and 
Virginia, such clemency in an age when a captured garrison 
expected and received no quarter, will ever redound to the 



38 

honor of him who never more must be called ' Mad ' An- 
thony. 

" The surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown occurred 
October 19, 1781. Grandly significant as was this event, it 
did not mark the actual cessation of hostilities. To Wayne 
was assigned the task of dislodging the British in Georgia 
and South Carolina. So effectually did he accomplish his 
mission that by December, 1782, the enemy had evacuated 
Savannah and Charleston, and with their departure came 
rest and peace to the Southern colonies. 

" After ten years of private life, in the course of which 
he was a member of the Council of Censors and also a mem- 
ber of the Pennsylvania Convention assembled to ratify 
the Constitution, he was once more summoned to military 
service. 

" The Indians in the territory west of the Ohio River, 
instigated by the British in the garrisons on the lakes, 
were inflicting fiendish cruelties upon our frontier settlers. 
Fifteen hundred of these had been massacred in seven years. 
The aim of the British and Indians was to make the Ohio 
the permanent boundary of the United States. To prevent 
a recurrence of these atrocities ; to defeat this aim, was the 
two-fold purpose and policy of our government. President 
Washington placed this burden on the shoulders of his old 
friend and companion in arms. He commissioned Wayne 
Major-General in command of the army of the United 
States. The veteran patriot accepted the trust and under- 
took the arduous task. Details are needless. The result 
is known to history. The murdered settlers were avenged. 
Savagery was crushed. The British posts at Detroit, Os- 
wego and Niagara were abandoned. More significant than 
all was the consecration of that ' magnificent national do- 
main of the West ' to the purposes and employments of 
civilized life. We offer heartfelt response to the noble 
sentiment of Dr. Stille: 'The millions of freemen who 
now occupy the energetic and vigorous Commonwealths 
lying between the Ohio and the Mississippi should cherish 
the memory of Wayne as that of the man who by his sword 
made it possible for white men to live in peace and security 
in that garden spot of the world.' 

" This achievement, brilliant in execution and far- 



reaching in effect, was the last and crowning service of 
this apostle of freedom. 

" General Wayne died at Presquisle, Erie, December 
15, 1796. His remains were removed to St. David's Church, 
Radnor, where they rest under a monument, on whose 
south front is this inscription : 

" ' In honor of the distinguished military services of 
Major-General Anthony Wayne, and as a tribute of respect 
to his memory, this stone was erected by his companions 
in arms, The Pennsylvania State Society of The Cincinnati, 
July 4, A. D. 1809, Thirty-fourth anniversary of the Inde- 
pendence of the United States, an event which constitutes 
the most appropriate eulogium of an American soldier and 
patriot.' (Applause.) 

Mr. Edward Stalker Sayers : '* Mr. President, I move 
that the thanks of the Colonial Society of Pennsylvania 
and that of the Swedish Colonial Society be tendered to 
the gentlemen of those Societies, residents of Chester, for 
all that we have enjoyed this afternoon, both physically 
and mentally." 

There was a general seconding of the motion. 

President Page: "It has been moved and seconded 
that the thanks of the two Societies represented here to-day 
be extended to the members of these Societies, residents 
of Chester, for this delightful occasion. Those in favor 
of the motion will signify by saying aye. The motion is 
carried unanimously." 

On motion adjourned. 



40 



OInlomal ^otiti^ of '^mn^^lbnnm 



OFFICERS 

President, 
Hon. Samuel Davis Page 

First Vice-President. 

Abraham Lewis Smith 

Second Vice-President, 
Col. Josiah Granville Leach 

Registrar, 
Gregory Bernard Keen 

Secretary, 
Henry Heston Belknap 

Assistant Secretary, 
Aubrey Herbert Weightman 

Jreasurer, 
Harrold Edgar Gillingham 



Councillors : 

Gen- Louis Henry Carpenter, Ogden Dungan Wilkinson, 

William Brooke Rawle, William Penn-Gaskell Hall, 

Effingham Buckley Morris, John Woolf Jordan, 

Earl Bill Putnam, Hon. Norris Stanley Barratt, 

Charles Smith Turnbull. M- D., William Supplee Lloyd, 

Henry Pemberton, Jr., Clarence Sweet Bement, 

Hon. Charles Barnsley McMichael, Charles Davis Clark, 

Stevenson Hockley Walsh, James Emlen, 

Hon. Harman Yerkes, Plenry Graham Ashmead. 



41 



MEMBERS 



Charles Yarnall Abbott, 

Richard Jacobs Allen, Jr., 

William Charles Allen, 

Duffield Ashmead, Jr., 

Henry Graham Ashmead, 

Charles Weaver Bailey, 

Joseph Trowbridge Bailey, 

Westcott Bailey, 

Dr. George Fales Baker, 

George W. Banks, 

Paul Henry Barnes, 

Norris Stanley Barratt (Life Mem- 
ber), 

Clarence Howard Batten, 

George Batten, 

Frank Battles (Life Member), 

Henry Heston Belknap, 

Maurice Guy Bellcnap, 

Clarence Sweet Bement, 

Amos Bonsall, 

Edward Home Bonsall, 

George Martin Booth, 

Newell Charles Bradley, 

Edward Tonkin Bradway (Life Mem- 
ber), 

William Bradway (Life Member), 

Clarence Cresson Brinton, 

Howard Futhey Brinton, 

Francis Mark Brooke (Life Member), 

Abraham Bruner, 

John Edgar Burnett Buckenham 
(Life Member), 

Reuben Nelson Buckley, 

Miers Busch (Life Member), 

Edward Tatnall Canby, 

Gen. Louis Henry Carpenter, 

Sa.muel Castner, Jr., 

Charles Davis Clark, 

John Browning Clement, 

Samuel Mitchell Clement, Jr., 

Dr. James Harwood Closson, 

Louis Ashmead Clyde, 

Col. Thomas Edward Clyde, 

Major Joseph Ridgway Taylor Coates, 

Samuel Poyntz Cochran, 

Charles Howard Colket (Life Mem 
ber), 

Porter Farquharson Cope, 

Dr. John Welsh Croskey, 

George Linden Cutler, 

Dr. John C. Da Costa, Jr., 

Walter Howard Dilks, 
Murrell Dobbins, 

Francis Donaldson (Life Member), 



Edwin Greble Dreer, 
William Ashmead Dyer, 
George Howard Earle (Life Member), 
Henry Howard Ellison, 
James Emlen (Life Member), 
John Eyerman, 
Frederic N. Fell, 
Percy J. Fell, 
Thomas Castor Foster, 
Stephen Blakely Fotterall, 
Howard Barclay French, 
Henry Jonathan Abbott Fry, 
Lawrence Barnard Fuller, 
Charles Cyrus Gelder, 
William Warren Gibbs, 
Harrold Edgar Gillingham, 
Theodore Glenthworth, 
Foster Conarroe Griffith, 
Lorenzo Henry Cardwell Guerrero, 
William Penn-Gaskell Hall, 
Hiram Hathaway, Jr., 
Paul Augustine Hendry, 
George Anthony Heyl, 
-Edward Stratton Hollo way, 
Wilford Lawrence Hoopes, 
Logan Howard-Smith, 
Robert Spurrier Howard- Smith, 
Edward Isaiah Hacker Howell, 
Henry Douglas Hughes, 
Henry La Barre Jayne, 
Charles Francis Jenkins (Life Mem- 
ber), 
John Story Jenks, 
Richmond Legh Jones, 
Augustus Wolle Jordan, 
Dr. Ewing Jordan, 
John Woolf Jordan (Life Member), 
Rev. Walter Jordan, 
Gregory Bernard Keen, 
George de Benneville Keim, 
Joseph Allison Kneass, 
Thomas Hoff Knight, 
Albert Ludlow Kramer, 
George Henry Lea, 
Col. Josiah Granville Leach, 
-Horace Hoffman Lee, 
Dr. Joseph Leidy, 
Howard Thorndike Leland, 
Lewis Jones Levick, 
Davis Levis Lewis, 
Ellis Smyser Lewis, 
George Davis Lewis, 
George Harrison Lewis, 
Henry Norton Lewis, 



42 

Oborn Garrett Levis Lewis, 

Samuel Bunting Lewis, 

Jay Bucknell Lippincott, 

Walter Lippincott, 

William Supplee Lloyd, 

Charles Ramsay Long, 

William Henry Lloyd, 

William MacLean, Jr., 

Charles Marshall, 

Samuel Marshall, 

William McKinley Mervine, 

Hon. Charles Barnsley McMichael, 

Ulysses Mercur, 

Charles Warren Merrill, 

Elihu Spencer Miller, 

John Rulon- Miller, 

Caleb Jones Milne, Jr. (Life Member), 

Caleb Jones Milne, 3d (Life Member), 

David Milne (Life Member), 

Effingham Buckley Morris (Life Mem 

ber), 
Henry Crosltey Mustin, 
John Burton Mustin, 
Samuel Davis Page, 
Charles Palmer, 
Alvin Mercer Parker, 
Joseph Brooks Bloodgood Parker, 
Harold Pierce, 

Henry Pemberton, Jr. (Life Member), 
Garnett Pendleton, 
Enos Eldridge Pennock, 
Joseph Eldridge Pennock, 
Hon. Samuel Whitaker Pennypacker, 
Charles Penrose Perkins, 
Anthony Joseph Drexel Peterson, 
Arthur Peterson, U. S. N., 
Frank Rodney Pleasanton, 
Alfred Potter, 
Thomas Harris Powers, 
Earl Bill Putnam, 
William Brooke Rawle, 
Paul Rittenhouse, 
Harry Alden Richardson, 
Harry Rogers, 
Wilbur Fisk Rose, 



Julius Friedrich Sachse (Honorary 
Member), 

Edward Stalker Sayres, 

Franlc Earle Schermerhorn, 

John Loeser Schwartz, 

John Morris Scott (Life Member), 

Frank Rodman Shattuck, 

Herbert Davis Shivers, 

Charles John Shoemaker, 

John Henry Sinex, 

John Sinnott, 

Abraham Lewis Smith, 

Alfred Percival Smith (Life Member), 

Benjamin Hayes Smith, 

William Elwood Speakman, 

Warner Justice Steel, 

Joseph Allison Steinmetz, 

Curwen Stoddart, 

Joseph Thompson, 
■ Samuel Swayne Thompson. 

Hon. Charlemagne Tower, 

David Cooper Townsend, 

Dr. Charles Smith Turnbull, 

Ernest Leigli Tustin, 

Arthur Clements Twitchell, 

Elwood Tyson, 

Dr. James Tyson, 

Theodore Anthony Van Dyke, Jr. 
(Life Member), 

Joseph Bushnell Vandergrift, 

Dr. Charles Harrod Vinton (Life Mem- 
ber), 

Stevenson Hockey Walsh, 

Charles Spittall Walton, 

Clement Weaver, 

Aubrey Herbert Weightman, 

Eben Boyd Weitzel, 

Ashbel Welch, 

William Caner Wiedersheim, 

Ogden Dungan Wilkinson, 

Charles Williams, 

Ellis D. Williams. 

William Currie Wilson, 

Hon. William White Wiltbank, 

Hon. Harman Yerkes (Life Member), 



W 98 



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